Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction: beyond the haemodynamic changes.

Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) consists of arteriogenic ED (cavernosal artery insufficiency) and veno-occlusive ED [1–3]. Although frequently discussed separately, in reality these two mechanisms often coexist in the same patient. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease is one of the leading causes of arteriogenic ED [2,3]. A close relationship between cardiovascular disease and ED has been reported [4,5]. Epidemiological studies show that nearly 75% of men with coronary artery disease also have ED [4,5]. Vascular and cavernosal smooth muscle dysfunction appear to share the same risk factors, and ED may be an early signal of impending cardiovascular problems [4,5].